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1848 Morris and Melish Wall Map of Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania-barnes-1848$3,000.00
Title
Map Of Pennsylvania, constructed from the County Surveys authorized by the State; and other original Documents.
1848 (dated) 54 x 77 in (137.16 x 195.58 cm)
1848 (dated) 54 x 77 in (137.16 x 195.58 cm)
Description
A striking 1848 first edition example of William Ellis Morris' map of Pennsylvania. It reflects the dramatic transformation of Pennsylvania in the early 18th century when it became the hub of American coal production - the fuel for the Industrial Revolution in the United States. Although based on the 1822 Melish, this is a fully new production surpassing all previous maps of the state.This map is a full update and revision of John Melish's seminal 1822 map of the same region. Morris essentially followed the model laid down by Melish, covering Pennsylvania and the adjacent states from Lake Erie to the Delaware and Chesapeake Bays, and from Ohio to the Atlantic, New York City and the Hudson River, with New Jersey and Delaware rendered in full. The title and the cartouche, bearing Pennsylvania's state armorial crest, is also derived directly from Melish's map.
Recognizing the need for an accurate, highly detailed, large format map of the state for administrative use, the Pennsylvania General Assembly issued an 1816 commission the well-regarded cartographer John Melish. Melish well known for extraordinary attention to detail and meticulous work, and by 1816, had already produced several significant maps. This work however, Melish intended to be his masterpiece and the model for all future state maps. The project involved legislation that required each county to commission a standardized map from which Melish would compile the whole. The project took six years, with the completed map published in 1822. Subsequent revised editions followed in 1824, 1826, and 1832.
Recognizing the need for an accurate, highly detailed, large format map of the state for administrative use, the Pennsylvania General Assembly issued an 1816 commission the well-regarded cartographer John Melish. Melish well known for extraordinary attention to detail and meticulous work, and by 1816, had already produced several significant maps. This work however, Melish intended to be his masterpiece and the model for all future state maps. The project involved legislation that required each county to commission a standardized map from which Melish would compile the whole. The project took six years, with the completed map published in 1822. Subsequent revised editions followed in 1824, 1826, and 1832.
The Need for a New Map
Pennsylvania underwent a period of explosive growth in the 1830s and 1840s as the exploitation of the state's vast coal reserves fostered industry and emigration. The primitive county structures described by Melish had evolved into highly developed administrative regions with numerous new counties, municipalities, and towns. A new map was called for. The General Assembly engaged the railroad executive and civil engineer William Ellis Morris to 'revise and improve' Melish's map. Working with engraver Edward Yeager and publisher R. L. Barnes, Morris completed this monumental map in 1848. While ostensibly similar to Melish's map, which Morris used as a template, this map exhibits a far more developed state with a more sophisticated county structure. Morris also added tables at the base of the map detailing the 'Anthracite Coal Trade of Pennsylvania', 'Approximate estimate of Bituminous Coal Mined in 1847', a 'Statistical Table Shewing the Prominent Features of each County', and 'The Public Works of Pennsylvania'.Publication History and Census
It appears that, although commissioned by state, Barnes and Morris produced this map at their own expense, they were authorized to borrow the original Melish plates from the Bank of Pennsylvania, where they were stored. According to their contract with the state, the duo were required to publish as many maps as were required for sale at 3 dollars per map. The contract also stipulated that all examples be executed in wall map format 'colored, varnished, and mounted on rollers' for display in schools and other public institutions. It was engraved by F. Kearny and E. Yeager. Although we have identified several examples of the 1849 edition, 1848 first edition appears to be exceptionally rare with only two or three examples appearing in institutional collections.CartographerS
John Melish (June 13, 1771 - 1822) was an early 19th century American writer, publisher and mapmaker based at 209 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. Many historians consider John Melish to be the first truly great American commercial cartographer and responsible for some of the most influential maps in the history of North America. Melish was born in Scotland in 1771. As a young man he apprenticed to a Glasgow cotton merchant and in this capacity visited America no less than four times between 1798 and 1809. In 1806 Melish attempted to create his own cotton important-export company based in Glasgow, Scotland and Savannah, Georgia. Unfortunately, deteriorating relations between the United States and Great Britain resulted in the 1807 trade embargo, which all but destroyed Melish's fledgling company. In 1811 Melish finally left Scotland to permanently relocate in Philadelphia. Melish had never been truly satisfied with the quality of travel writing available regarding the new republic and so, in 1812, published his own contribution to the genre. Melish based his first major publication, the cartographically rich, Travels in the United States of America in the Years 1806 & 1807, and 1809, 1810 and 1811, on the copious notes taken during his own travels as a cotton merchant. Travels enjoyed an immediate success and even caught the eye of Thomas Jefferson, then President, who sent copies of the work to friends in France and Italy. Partially in an attempt to illustrate his own travels and partly in response to a general need for good cartographic materials, Melish turned to map publishing. By 1814 he was styling himself as a "Geographer and Map Seller" and had published several independent maps, geographies and gazetteers. Melish's most important work is most likely his iconic representation of the United States first published in 1816, Map of the United States with the contiguous British and Spanish Possessions. This visionary large format map was the first American commercial map to show the United States extending from coast-to-coast in a remarkably prescient expression of the Doctrine of Manifest Destiny. Melish died suddenly of unknown causes in December of 1822. He is buried in Philadelphia. (Carter, E. C., Surveying the Record, pages 40 - 49. Ristow, W., American Maps and Map Makers, pages 110-115. 143, 154, 166-168, 191, 246, 281, 446. Wolfgang, M.E., "John Melish: An Early American Demographer." Pennsylvania Magazine 82 (1958): pages 65-81.) More by this mapmaker...
William Ellis Morris (January 29, 1812 - October 15, 1875) was a Pennsylvania based civil engineer and railroad executive active in the mid-19th century. Little is known of Morris' education, but earlier in his career as a civil engineer he was employed to plan the Portage Railroad link over the Pennsylvania's Allegheny Mountains. The curious project of the Portage Railroad involved a scheme to use a locomotive to hall barges up one side of the mountain range so that they could drift down the opposite side. He later ran the Germantown-Norristown Railroad Company and subsequently the New York's Long Island Railroad - which from a point of near bankruptcy he developed into a world class transportation network. His cartographic work seems limited to his revision of Melish's map of Pennsylvania in1848. Learn More...
Rufus L. Barnes (fl. c. 1840 - 1867) was an American map publisher and seller based in Philadelphia during the early to mid-19th century. Barnes opened a map shop in Philadelphia in 1840 from which issued numerous maps on his account as well as reselling the work of others. Rufus' manuscript ledger, which is preserved in the Newbury Library, reveals connections to most of the prominent map publishers and cartographers of his period, including Robert Pearsall Smith, C.K. Stone, A.R.Z. Dawson, A. Pomeroy & Co., D.J. Lake and Company, Henry F. Walling, S. Willard Treat, John Homer French, R.S. Taintor, Jr. and Co., William Otis Shearer, surveyor Silas N. Beers, engravers Worley and Bracher, A.D. Ellis, Green and Wilbur, and O.W. Gray and Son. His work was used by both sides during the American Civil War and included some of the best Pennsylvania county maps available at the time. Barnes notably partnered with William Ellis Morris to reissue John Melish's important wall map of Pennsylvania in 1848. Barnes sold his business to his assistant John L. Smith in 1867. Learn More...
Condition
Very good. Full professional restoration.
References
Phillips (America), p. 682 (Variant). New York Public Library, Map Division, Map Div. 01-1947. Rumsey 2275.000 (1849 edition).