Henry Herman Cross (November 23, 1837 - April 2, 1918) was an American painter best known for his wildlife and nature scenes, horse racing imagery, and American Indian portraits. He typically signed his work 'H.H. Cross'. Cross was born in Flemingville, New York. He was described by Buffalo Bill Cody as the 'greatest painter of Indian portraiture of all times.' (Samuels 116). According to stories, as a teen-ager he ran away several times to join a circus, and then at 16, traveled to Paris where is studied under animal painter Rosa Bonheur from 1853 to 1855. He had a portrait studio in Chicago in the early 1860s, before moving to Minnesota during the Sioux Wars - where he mastered the Sioux language. He was in California during 1864-65 to paint the horses of Lucky Baldwin. He died in Chicago.