Hosea B. Carter (September 5, 1834 - March 31, 1900) was an American politician and businessman. Born in Hampstead, New Hampshire, Carter attended public schools and 'was a master of a good trade when he came of age'. Soon, however, Carter decided he needed a change of lifestyle and took a job as a canvasser. Carter was a recruiter during the American Civil War for a time and then became the proprietor of a hotel at Camp Stanton, Boxford, Massachusetts in 1862. At some point he was then employed by the secret service and was sent to Canada where he attended the Peace Conference at Clifton House in 1864. He was in Montreal and St. Johns when the St. Alban's Raid occurred (twenty-one Confederate soldiers invaded Vermont from Canada) and testified in the trial of Mary Surratt (accused and convicted of being part of the conspiracy to assassinate U.S. President Abraham Lincoln) the following year. Carter served as superintendent of agencies for New England for the Singer Sewing Machine Company from 1865 to 1870 and ran a small store in Concord, New Hampshire for a short time in 1872. In 1876 Carter was responsible for dividing New Hampshire into councillor and senatorial electoral districts. He served as postmaster of Hampstead from 1874 until 1879 and held the position of railroad commissioner of the Boston and Maine Railroad from 1876 to 1880. Carter ran for State Senator in District 21 in 1886. For years he also served as one of the principal organizers of the State Fair, and it was said that he could 'call nearly every farmer by name from the Canada line to Portsmouth'. Carter married Kate E. Martin with whom he had two children.