Arménio, Roberto
Roberto Arménio (1836 - December 25, 1900) was Neapolitan civil and military engineer. Born to Neapolitan nobility, he entered the cadet school of the Bourbon Army, graduating as an officer. He studied military engineering and joined the army's engineer corps. He was an aide to Garibaldi during the Italian wars of Unification and served with him during the Franco-Prussian War. He continued an engineering career, both for the military of Brazil and also in the civil realm in Lisbon, where he pioneered the famous Santa Justa Lift. From 1882 to 1888, he resettled in Uruguay, serving in the newly developed Military Engineering Office for the Uruguayan Army and becoming a technical advisor to President Máximo Santos. Among his other projects, he reorganized the Escuela Nacional de Artes y Oficios, and instituted an array of military reforms. Under his direction, a number of important maps and plans were created, focusing especially on hydrographic and military maps of Uruguay's frontiers, maps of Uruguay's railways, and maps of the country's rivers. He also proposed - but never executed - a canalization of the Rio Negro. In the 1890s, he continued to advise the Uruguayan chief of staff, but was not paid for these efforts. His labors were not profitable, and he died in poverty in his adopted country.
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