Gillray, James
James Gillray (August 13, 1757- June 1, 1815), commonly consider the 'Father of the Political Cartoon' was a British printmaker, engraver, caricaturist, and satirical cartographer active in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Gillray was born in Chelsea, London and trained as a letter-engraver, an occupation at which he had considerable skill but little interest. Instead he took to spending his time with itinerant theater troops – a pastime that no doubt influenced his later work. After returning to London he was admitted to the Royal Academy. From this point on Gillray was supported primarily through his etchings, most of which were published by Miss Hannah Humphrey. Although Gillray and Humphrey lived together for many years, they curiously never married. The main corpus of his influential work was published between 1792 and 1810. His popular caricatures, of which there are between 1000 and 1700, typically took the form of political satire. In late middle age Gillray's eyesight began to deteriorate due to alcoholism. It is also said that, while working on his last plate, Interior of a Barber's Shop in Assize Time he descended into insanity, although the nature of his supposed 'madness' is unclear. Nonetheless, after this piece, dated 1811, he produced no further work. He died in 1815 shortly before the Battle of Waterloo. Much of Gillray's work was profane in nature and suppressed, until reissued in 1851 by George Bohn.
Scatological map of England and France.
A new Map of England and France. / The French Invasion; or John Bull, bombarding the Bum-Boats.
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A wonderful example of the 1851 George Bohn restrike of James Gillray's 1793 satirical caricature map of England expelling itself on France. (more details)
Satirizing the Sans-culottes.
A View in Perspective / The Zenith of French Glory; The Pinnacle of Liberty. Religion, Justice, Loyalty and all the Bugbears of Unenlighten'd Minds, Farewell!
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This is a 1851 George Bohn restrike of a 1793 James Gillray satirical, scatological print dealing with the French Revolution. Characteristically unsparing in his caricatures, Gillray's depiction is, like its subject, irreverent, shocking, and disturbing. (more details)
Gillray's Irreverent Take on Amiens and Addington.
Evacuation of Malta.
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This is a 1851 George Bohn restrike of an 1803 James Gillray satirical print dealing with an Anglo-French dispute over the island of Malta. Britain reluctantly agreed to remove its troops and ships from the island according to the March 1802 Treaty of Amiens. However, as relations broke down over the following months, Malta became a rallying cry for British resistance, eventually leading to the War of the Third Coalition. (more details)