1869 Stebbins and Lloyd Map of Nebraska, Dakota, Montana, Idaho

This is an 1869 Henry Stebbins and H. H. Lloyd map of Nebraska and the Northern Territories exhibiting an ephemeral configuration of the northern plains. Nebraska, Idaho, and Montana are recognizable, but 'Dakota' contains North and South Dakota. Wyoming is labeled for the first time and still includes the previous identifier 'Unexplored Territory'.

Solidifying Boundaries in the West

The configuration of the western United States (with the Dakota Territory appearing as two squares) lasted only four years and came to an end just prior to this map's publication. In 1863, the Idaho Territory was created out of the Dakota Territory (Dakotas, Montana, and northern Wyoming). This new territory removed modern-day Montana and the northern half of modern-day Wyoming from the Dakota Territory as well as most of the Nebraska Territory's panhandle. Then, in 1864, with the creation of the Montana Territory out of the Idaho Territory, what would become Wyoming was attached Dakota, creating an awkward 'two square' configuration illustrated here (with the addition of the Wyoming label). Wyoming Territory was created on July 25, 1868, and was made a relative square, just as it is today. Given the presence of the vertical dashed line between Montana and Nebraska, it is likely that Stebbins and Lloyd were working on this map while the legislation establishing the Wyoming Territory was being debated in Congress. However, when Stebbins and Lloyd reissued this map, the extension in northwestern Wyoming remained. When Congress created the Wyoming Territory, this extension was divided between Idaho and Montana, creating the borders as they exist today. The continued presence of the extension on Wyoming makes it clear that Stebbins and Lloyd did not want to completely reengrave the plate, but only add the name Wyoming. The present example is the second edition of the present map, with the only change being the addition of the label for Wyoming.

A Closer Look

A contrast in detail and settlement, counties in Nebraska and eastern Dakota are shaded different colors, creating an intriguing disparity with the monotone colors in Minnesota and Iowa. Cities and towns are labeled, with few settlements appearing farther west. Most of the western settlements are situated along the Union Pacific Railroad route as it winds its way across Nebraska and through Wyoming to the Great Salt Lake in the lower left. The Pacific Telegraph Route follows much the same route, although along the North Fork of the Platte River through western Nebraska and Wyoming. The Pike's Peak and California Express Route is illustrated and labeled, as is a the 'Overland Route to the Gold Mines' in Montana and Idaho. Two proposed routes for the Northern Pacific Railroad are illustrated from Minnesota across the Dakota Territory, through the Montana and Idaho territories to the map's left border. A beautiful illustration of the Black Hills appears in the Dakota Territory between Montana and Nebraska.

Publication History and Census

This map was created from surveys directed by H.F. Walling and published for Henry Stebbins by H. H. Lloyd and Company in Stebbins'Atlas of the State of Ohio From Surveys under the Direction of H. F. Walling; To which is added an Atlas of the United States in 1869. The separate map is not cataloged in OCLC or elsewhere, but the atlas appears in a dozen collections across the United States. At least two editions of the atlas were published, the first in 1868 and the second in 1869. The map of Nebraska and the Northern Territories was updated for the 1869 edition of the atlas, naming Wyoming, which is not present on the first edition.