1835 Hall Map of Chile, Argentina and Bolivia

This is a beautiful map of Chile, Bolivia and Argentina from Sidney Hall's extremely scarce 1835 New General Atlas. It covers part of modern day Bolivia or Upper Peru (as it was known at the time), Chile and La Plata (part of modern day Argentina). Bolivia's claims to the Atacama Desert and Peru's claims to the Tarapaca region - both of which are today part of Chile, are shown. The map also covers the modern day country of Uruguay and part of the Rio Grande Do Sul region in Brazil. These territories were known as the Banda Oriental or Cisplatina region before the 500-day Cisplatine War and are here noted by their original names.

The 1828 Treaty of Montevideo following the Cisplatine War gave birth to Uruguay as an independent state. In Chile, after the last of the Spanish troops surrendered in 1826 and the failure of the federalist system in 1828, Chile adopted a moderate liberal constitution. This in turn alienated both the extreme liberal and federalist factions, ultimately leading to the revolution of 1829 and 30 years of conservative government.

Sidney Hall's New General Atlas was published from 1830 to 1857, the first edition being the most common, with all subsequent editions appearing only rarely. Most of the maps included in the first edition of this atlas were drawn between 1827 and 1828 and are most likely steel plate engravings, making it among the first cartographic work to employ this technique. Each of the maps in this large and impressive atlas feature elegant engraving and an elaborate keyboard style border. Though this is hardly the first map to employ this type of border, it is possibly the earliest to use it on such a large scale. Both the choice to use steel plate engraving and the addition of the attractive keyboard boarder are evolutions of anti-forgery efforts. Copper plates, which were commonly used for printing bank notes in the early 19th century, proved largely unsuitable due to their overall fragility and the ease with which they could be duplicated. In 1819 the Bank of England introduced a £20,000 prize for anyone who could devise a means to print unforgeable notes. The American inventors Jacob Perkins and Asa Spencer responded to the call. Perkins discovered a process for economically softening and engraving steel plates while Spencer invented an engraving lathe capable of producing complex patters repetitively - such as this keyboard border. Though Perkins and Spenser did not win the prize, their steel plate engraving technique was quickly adopted by map publishers in England, who immediately recognized its value. Among early steel plate cartographic productions, this atlas, published in 1830 by Longman Rees, Orme, Brown & Green stands out as perhaps the finest. This map was issued by Sidney Hall and published by Longman Rees, Orme, Brown & Green of Paternoster Row, London, in the 1835 edition of the Sidney Hall New General Atlas.