1910 Freytag Folding Map of the Western Dolomites, Italy

A detailed c. 1910 folding topographical map of the western portion of the Dolomites, including Bolzano (Bozen), then a part of Austria. It was produced by Freytag und Berndt in Vienna, the premier publisher of such topographical maps in Austria at the time.

A Closer Look

Reflecting the multiculturalism of the Austrian Empire (or its illegitimate control over these lands, depending on one's perspective), this map covers the western portion of the Dolomites, roughly corresponding to the central portion of today's province of Alto Adige (Südtirol in German). At the time, this was the southern portion of the County of Tyrol, part of the Austrian Empire. During the First World War, lands just to the south were the front line of intense high-altitude combat between Italian and Austrian forces, and after the war Südtirol was annexed by Italy, completing, in the minds of many nationalists, the project of Italian Unification begun roughly a century before.

Characteristic of the Freytag-Berndt style, the map is highly detailed, appealing to tourists, hikers, and others who would need an intimate knowledge of topography and other features in the steep mountainous terrain. Villages, towns, and even individual buildings are noted, more often with German names, but increasingly with local Italian names as one moves southward. Marmolata (Marmolada), at right, is an ultra-prominent peak known as the 'Queen of the Dolomites'. Railways, roads, paths, and trails of various types and quality (classes) are indicated according to the legend at bottom. Churches, chapels, and other local landmarks are recorded, while elevation is given throughout. A table of abbreviations with corresponding terms in German and Italian appears at bottom-right.

Publication History and Census

This map is attributed to Gustav Freytag and was published by Freytag und Berndt in Vienna, with H. Rohn providing terrain detail. Though undated, from the railways present (such as the Rittnerbahn running northeast from Bolzano), the map must date to after 1907, but before 1918, when Austria ceded these lands to Italy. The present map (Blatt 1) was meant to accompany a map of the eastern portion of the Dolomites (Blatt 2), also sold by us. The maps might have been issued in several editions, though the variation of dates in catalog listings may simply be due to a lack of a date on the map and uncertainty over its approximate date of production. In any event, the maps are held by a handful of institutions in Europe and North America, though usually as a standard folding map instead of the present format, dissected and laid on linen (another example of which we have only been able to locate at Yale's Beinecke Library).