1879 Jesuit Pfister Map of the Kiang-Nan Vicarate, Jiangnan Province (Shanghai), China

上海和南京周边的天主教传教点。

这是一幅罕见的1879年由法国耶稣会传教士阿洛伊斯·普菲斯特绘制的江南宗座代牧区地图，涵盖了当时中国江南省（今中国江南地区）。该地图由位于上海郊外的徐家汇图书馆（紫家汇）制作，展现了当时最先进的传教地图绘制技术，甚至连小村庄都清晰可见——所有信息均直接来源于传教士的第一手记录。

仔细观察

这幅地图描绘了由法国耶稣会管理的江南宗座代牧区，其宗座领地大致相当于中国原江南省。地图上包含了上海、苏州、南京等主要城市。大运河自北向南蜿蜒而过，虚线则标示了重要的道路。不同的符号代表了村庄的规模，从主要城市（府）到小型村庄（村）。地图右下角的图例收录了音译的中文地理术语。上海（长海）被标注为黄浦江沿岸的一个府，但其规模明显小于附近的苏州和南京。徐家汇（紫家汇）传教所的位置在手稿中被提及，位于上海西南方向。地图的作者标注为阿洛伊斯·普菲斯特，并警告不要复制，这表明地图中包含的信息十分敏感，受到严密保护。

江南传教团

江南传教站位于南京，由法国耶稣会士在中国长江下游地区建立，涵盖了今上海和江苏省周边地区。19世纪，在清朝统治和西方影响日益增强的背景下，江南的耶稣会士不仅致力于传播基督教，也积极开展文化交流。耶稣会传教士以其教育和文化方面的理念而闻名，他们引进西方科学、数学和天文学，同时学习中国文化和哲学传统，为科学和知识的进步做出了贡献。由于地处南京和上海等通商口岸林立的地区，江南传教站受到良好的保护，很少像中国其他地区的传教站那样遭受排外袭击。然而，随着1949年中华人民共和国的成立，这个蓬勃发展的传教站也戛然而止。

出处

地图上有两枚图书馆印章，证实它在20世纪80年代的某个时候被一家德国耶稣会图书馆注销。图书馆印章仍位于左下角，其标记则位于右下角。标记难以辨认，但大致内容为“Prov. Germ. SJ”，可推断为“Provinciae Germaniae Bibliotheca Scriptorum Societatis Jesu”（德国耶稣会书信社图书馆），该馆可能位于科隆。我们见过许多其他带有相同印章的地图，这些地图都非常罕见，其中许多是独一无二的手稿，因此这次注销必定意义重大。一位德国古董商购得了这些注销的地图，带有类似标记的地图偶尔会出现在市场上，其来源地遍布世界各地。

出版历史和人口普查

阿洛伊斯·普菲斯特最初在上海附近的徐家汇图书馆绘制了这幅地图。它似乎是由圣马洛的本德里特印刷厂印制的。我们只注意到另一份副本，现藏于奥地利科学院。

Cartographers

Aloys Pfister (April 24, 1833 - May 17, 1891), also known as Louis Pfister, or in China, Fei Lai Zhi (費賴之) was a French Jesuit missionary, priest, historian, and sinologist active in the Shanghai region, China. Pfister was born in Gerbeviller, Meurthe, France. He joined the Society of Jesus in 1852, after which, in 1867, he was sent to the Kiang-non Mission. Within that mission he spent many years ministering to the inhabitants of Hai-men (海门), and the alluvial island of Chongming (崇明岛). Although he had many converts, he did not consider himself successful relative to the overall population. In 1881, he retired to the mission house and library at Xujiahui Library (Zi-ka-wei), southwest of Shanghai. He remained there until 1889, when in failing health, he moved to Shanghai. There in 1891, he died of heart disease. He is best known for this Notices biographiques et bibliographiques sur les Jésuites de l'ancienne mission de Chine. 1552–1773, a history of early Jesuit missionary work in China.   Further Details...

Xujiahui Library (1847 - Present), today known as the Shanghai Library Bibliotheca Zi-Ka-Wei (上海图书馆徐家汇藏书楼) was established in 1847. It was initially part of the Jesuit mission complex in the Xujiahui village (徐家汇), situated on the outskirts of Shanghai. Following the Jesuit mission of scholarship, it evolved into an academic center embracing both Chinese and Western academic heritages. It was also an important publishing house, issuing maps, religious works, scholarly studies, and more. By the end of the 19th century, it housed over 200,000 volumes. The library is known for its comprehensive collection of Chinese gazetteers, newspapers, reference materials, and mission-related publications. The establishment of the People's Republic of China marked the end of the Jesuit mission in Xujiahui. Nonetheless, the library perseveres, having been nationalized and, from 1957, integrated into the Shanghai Library System.   Further Details...

Benderitter (fl. c. 1865 - 1918) was a French printing house with facilities in Le Mans, Rouen, and St. Malo in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.   Further Details...

Condition

Very good. Some edge wear.

References

Austrian Academy of Sciences, K-V(R): AS/Ost 554.